International Student-life

Malaysia covers an area of 336,700 square kilometres. There are 13 states, namely Perlis, Kedah, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan, Melaka, Johor, Pahang, Terengganu, and Kelantan on the mainland; Sarawak and Sabah on the island of Borneo; and three federal territories, namely Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, and Labuan. Malaysia has many seaports and international airports. It is in Southeast Asia; its neighbours are Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore and Indonesia. The country’s time is eight hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (+8GMT) and 16 hours ahead of United States Pacific Standard Time.

Preparation before travel is the most crucial part of your journey, as your preparation will reduce the hassle of travelling. So in this section, we will give you as much information as possible for a safe and pleasant journey.

Obtaining Permission to Enter Malaysia

Students from abroad undertaking a full-time course of study are welcome to enter Malaysia and remain for the period of their studies because they are expected to leave Malaysia when their studies are completed. Prospective students should apply to the Malaysian Embassy, Consulate or High Commission abroad to obtain entry clearance before travelling to Malaysia. For the location of the Malaysian foreign mission, please visit the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Full-time students should not enter Malaysia as visitors and attempt to change their status to that of a student.

If you are coming for a mobility programme, such as educational visits and attachments of less than 3 months, obtaining a student visa is unnecessary.

More information is available from the Education Malaysia Global Services website.

Financial Requirements for International Students in Malaysia

Financial Guarantee and Proof of Funds

International students attending Malaysian universities must provide a financial guarantee to demonstrate their ability to cover tuition fees and living expenses for the entire duration of their studies. This is a mandatory requirement for both university admission and the student visa application process. Acceptable proof includes recent bank statements (typically covering the last three months), a financial guarantee letter, or a sponsor letter from parents or an employer. The financial documents should show sufficient funds to cover at least one year of living and study expenses, with the exact amount depending on the university and level of study.

Scholarships and Grants

Grants and scholarships for foreign students in Malaysia are limited and highly competitive. Most international students are expected to be self-financed or supported by family or sponsors.

Careful Financial Planning

It is crucial to thoroughly assess the financial implications of studying in Malaysia to avoid unnecessary hardship or anxiety. Students should ensure they have access to sufficient funds before departure and plan for the entire period of study, not just the initial months.

Estimated Living Expenses

Living costs in Malaysia are relatively affordable compared to many Western countries. The average monthly expenses for a single international student—including accommodation, food, transportation, utilities, and personal items—typically range from RM1,500 to RM2,600 (approximately USD 320–557). This estimate does not include tuition fees.

Here is a typical monthly budget breakdown:

Expense Category	Estimated Monthly Cost (RM)	Estimated Monthly Cost (USD)
Accommodation	400–800	85–170
Food	600–900	130–190
Transportation	100–200	20–40
Utilities/Internet	100–200	20–40
Personal Expenses	200–400	40–85
Total	1,500–2,500	320–540

Actual expenses depend on location, accommodation type, and lifestyle choices. Students can reduce costs by sharing accommodation or cooking at home.

Transferring Money to Malaysia

When transferring money to Malaysia, you have several reliable options, each with different costs, speeds, and requirements. It’s advisable to compare convenience and fees with your bank at home and in Malaysia before choosing the best method for your needs. Note that all bank accounts in Malaysia are denominated in Ringgit Malaysia (RM); foreign currency accounts such as US dollars are not available for standard personal banking.

Key Transfer Methods

Banker’s Draft

A banker’s draft is a written order from your home bank instructing a Malaysian bank to credit a specified amount in a foreign currency (such as sterling). This method is secure and can be used to open a bank account in Malaysia, but it is often slow, with processing times that may take several days or longer.

Telegraphic (Mail or Telex) Transfer

Telegraphic transfers (also known as wire transfers) are direct bank-to-bank transactions. They are generally faster and safer than bankers’ drafts but may incur higher fees. Funds are deposited in your home country’s bank or directly with the central bank before being converted to Ringgit Malaysia. This method suits larger sums and when you need funds to arrive quickly.

International Money Transfer Services

Services like Western Union and MoneyGram provide quick and convenient ways to send money to Malaysia. Transfers can be made online, via mobile apps, or in person at agent locations. Recipients can receive funds directly into their Malaysian bank account or collect cash at thousands of agent locations nationwide. Transfers can be completed in minutes to a day, but fees are generally higher than traditional bank transfers, especially for urgent or cash pickups.

Digital Payment Platforms

Platforms such as PayPal allow you to send money online using email addresses. Funds can be transferred to a Malaysian bank account, but the sender and recipient need PayPal accounts. This method is best for smaller amounts and offers competitive fees, though exchange rates may vary.

Summary Table

Method	Speed	Cost	Requirements	Best For
Bankers Draft	Several days	Low–Moderate	Bank account	Opening accounts, large sums
Telegraphic Transfer	1–5 business days	Moderate–High	Bank account	Large/urgent transfers
Western Union/MoneyGram	Minutes–1 day	High	ID, recipient details	Fast cash pickup, no bank needed
PayPal/Digital Platforms	Instant–1 day	Low–Moderate	PayPal accounts	Small sums, online transactions

Credit Card Acceptance

In Malaysia, credit cards are widely accepted at most retailers, petrol stations, fast-food outlets, and restaurants. The most commonly accepted cards are Visa and Mastercard. At the same time, American Express (Amex) is also accepted at an increasing number of merchants, particularly at higher-end establishments and select retail, F&B, and grocery outlets. However, Amex acceptance is still less widespread than Visa or Mastercard due to higher merchant fees, so it is advisable to check with the establishment before making a transaction.

Some merchants may impose a minimum spend requirement or additional surcharge for credit card payments. Always ask in advance to avoid surprises at checkout.

Key Points on Credit Card Usage:

• Visa and Mastercard are accepted almost everywhere.
• American Express is accepted at select locations, mainly higher-end or international chains, but not as universally as Visa/Mastercard.
• Minimum spend or surcharges may apply for card payments.

E-Wallets / E-Cash in Malaysia

Malaysia’s e-wallet sector has experienced rapid growth, with over 87% of Malaysians using digital wallets as of 2024. E-wallets are now accepted at a wide range of merchants, from convenience stores and supermarkets to online platforms, food delivery, and even for public transportation and bill payments.

Popular E-Wallets in Malaysia:

• Touch ‘n Go eWallet: Used for tolls, retail, online shopping, and transit. Offers QR payments, bill pay, and a physical prepaid Visa card.
• GrabPay: Integrated with the Grab app for ride-hailing, food delivery, and in-store payments. Offers rewards and peer-to-peer transfers.
• Boost: Used for bill payments, shopping, and transfers. Integrated with Boost Bank for additional financial services.
• BigPay: Provides a prepaid Mastercard/Visa for global spending, international transfers, and QR payments.
• ShopeePay, Wise, Merchantrade Money, Alipay, WeChat Pay: Each offers unique features, such as multi-currency wallets, international remittances, and integration with their respective platforms.

Instant Transfers with DuitNow

Malaysia’s e-wallet ecosystem is highly integrated, making it easy to send and receive money instantly. The core system enabling this is DuitNow Transfer, which allows users to move funds between banks and e-wallets using just a mobile number, NRIC/passport number, or business registration number as the recipient’s DuitNow ID. Transfers are processed 24/7 and are typically received instantly.

Trends and Tips:

• QR code payments are highly popular, with 68% of users relying on them for daily transactions.
• E-wallets often provide cashback, loyalty rewards, and integration with other financial services.

The primary international gateway to Malaysia is Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Sepang. For travellers on low-cost airlines, your arrival point will likely be KLIA Terminal 2 (KLIA2), which is adjacent to the main KLIA terminal. Malaysia Airlines is our national carrier, which has connections to many major cities worldwide, and AirAsia is Malaysia’s low-cost alternative for local and regional destinations.

International Student Support at the Airport

Upon arrival at either KLIA Terminal 1 or Terminal 2 (KLIA2), international students benefit from dedicated support through the International Student Arrival Centre (ISAC). ISAC is a 24-hour service centre located in the main terminal building at Level 3, before the immigration clearance counters. Officers at ISAC are available to assist international students with information, guidance, and support before they proceed to immigration.

Key Services Provided by ISAC:

• 24-hour assistance for all international students arriving at KLIA1 and KLIA2
• Special lanes for international students at immigration
• Information kits with tips on public transport, money-saving apps, and more
• Help with visa-related queries and documentation (such as the Malaysia Digital Arrival Card/MDAC and student visa approval letters)

Arrival Process for International Students

1. Disembark and Proceed to Immigration: After landing, follow signs to the International Arrival Hall. If you’re unsure where to go, airport staff and ISAC officers can guide you.
2. Visit the ISAC Counter: Before immigration, look for the ISAC booth on Level 3 of the main terminal. Here, you can receive assistance and information specifically for international students.
3. Prepare Your Documents: At immigration, you must present:
   • Your passport
   • Visa Approval Letter (e-VAL)
   • Single Entry Visa (SEV) or eVisa
   • Offer letter from your university
4. Obtain the Correct Entry Stamp: Ensure you receive a Special Pass (SP) entry stamp in your passport, valid for 30 days. If the stamp is incorrect, request a correction from the immigration officer before leaving the counter.
5. Baggage Claim and Pick-Up: Collect your luggage from the designated carousel. If you have arranged for airport pickup with your university, contact your driver via WhatsApp upon arrival and follow their instructions for meeting at the pick-up point.
6. Orientation and Next Steps: Report to your university’s international office or designated centre as soon as possible after arrival. Attendance at orientation and submission of your passport for visa endorsement are usually compulsory.

Important Reminders:

• Turn on your mobile phone and connect to the airport Wi-Fi upon arrival to check for messages from your university or driver.
• If you encounter any difficulties, seek help at the ISAC counter.
• Always keep your student pass approval letter and other essential documents accessible during your journey.

All passengers arriving at a Malaysian port of entry are checked through Immigration Control. Please make sure that you have the proper documents at the checkpoint. Information about the visa requirements for a foreign student is available at the Immigration of Malaysia website or the Malaysian Education Global Services website.

Required Documents

• Your passport: Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months from the date of entry
• Visa Approval Letter (e-VAL): This official letter is issued by the Malaysian Immigration Department and is required for all international students.
• Single Entry Visa (SEV) or eVisa: If you are from a country that requires a visa to enter Malaysia, you must obtain a Single Entry Visa from the Malaysian embassy or consulate in your home country before travelling. Students from countries that do not require a visa must still present the VAL
• Offer letter from your university: Bring the official letter of acceptance or offer from your Malaysian university

Other Supporting Documents

The following documents may be required:

• Proof of Sufficient Funds: You may be asked to show evidence that you can cover your tuition fees and living expenses during your stay.
• Medical Certificate: A pre-arrival medical screening certificate from an approved clinic may be required, as well as a completed health declaration form.
• Yellow Fever Vaccination Certificate: If you are travelling from a Yellow Fever endemic country or have been in a Yellow Fever endemic country in the last 14 days.

Obtain the Correct Entry Stamp

Ensure you receive a Special Pass (SP) entry stamp in your passport, valid for 30 days. If the stamp is incorrect, request a correction from the immigration officer before leaving the counter.

Prospective students should apply to the Malaysian Embassy, Consulate or High Commission abroad in order to obtain entry clearance before travelling to Malaysia. For the location of the Malaysian foreign mission, please visit the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Prospective students should not enter Malaysia as visitors and then attempt to change their status to that of a student.

Travel Abroad and readmission

Before travelling abroad to any country other than your own, you should check the visa requirements of the countries you intend to visit. Also, ensure that neither your passport nor leave to remain in Malaysia will expire while you are away. It is always a good idea to carry documents to show the immigration officer on your return to Malaysia with evidence that you are a full-time student with adequate financial support.

Extending leave to remain in Malaysia

Many students will be granted leave to remain in Malaysia for the duration of their course; however, some students will be granted leave to remain for shorter periods. If you require staying longer than the time limit you have been given, you must apply to the Immigration Department for an extension of your stay before the expiry date stamped in your passport. Otherwise, you may have some difficulty in obtaining an extension, and you could lose your right of appeal if your application is refused.

When you arrive in Malaysia, you must pass through Customs after Immigration Control. It is essential to understand and comply with Malaysian customs laws to avoid severe penalties, including confiscation of undeclared goods and, for certain offences, mandatory capital punishment.

Declaration and Allowances

• All passengers must declare goods that exceed the customs duty-free allowances or are subject to restrictions. Attempting to hide or not declare such goods is a serious offence and can result in confiscation, fines, or prosecution.
• Customs officers are authorised to conduct random checks on travellers and their luggage.
• Declare any cash or negotiable instruments worth more than USD 10,000.

Prohibited and Restricted Goods

Strictly Prohibited

• Narcotics and controlled drugs (opium, heroin, morphine, cocaine, cannabis, amphetamines, barbiturates, LSD, etc.)
• Firearms, ammunition, explosives
• Counterfeit coins and currency
• Indecent or obscene books, magazines, films, and other media
• Devices harmful to national interests or security

Severe Penalties

Drug trafficking carries a severe penalty under Malaysian law.

Restricted Goods (require permits)

• Live animals, animal products, live fish, eggs, meat, plants, and certain agricultural products
• Explosives, fireworks, imitation arms
• Certain chemicals, pesticides, and pharmaceutical products
• Some radio transmitters and telecommunication equipment

Important Warnings

• Never attempt to smuggle drugs or any animals into Malaysia.
• Do not carry bags or items through Customs for someone else, as you are legally responsible for all items in your possession.
• If you are unsure whether an item is allowed, declare it to customs officers. Failure to declare or making a false declaration is a criminal offence

A valid yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers over one year of age who are coming from a yellow fever endemic country or have visited a yellow fever endemic country during the past six months. The validity period of the vaccination is 10 days after vaccination. Travellers without a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate will be quarantined upon arrival in Malaysia.

There is no limit to the amount of money you may bring into Malaysia; however, any sum exceeding the equivalent of USD 10,000 (including cash and bearer negotiable instruments such as traveller’s cheques and money orders) must be declared to Customs upon arrival using Customs Form No. 7, which is available at all entry points. Failure to declare amounts above this threshold can result in penalties, including fines and confiscation of the undeclared funds.

The official currency is the Malaysian ringgit (symbol: RM, code: MYR), which is divided into 100 sen. Coins currently in circulation are 5 sen, 10 sen, 20 sen, and 50 sen; the 1 sen and RM1 coins have been discontinued. Banknotes in circulation are RM1, RM5, RM10, RM20, RM50, and RM100; higher denominations such as RM500 and RM1,000 have been withdrawn and are no longer legal tender.

If you encounter difficulty exchanging money before entering Malaysia, bringing credit cards and US dollars is advisable, as credit cards (especially Visa and Mastercard) are widely accepted in department stores, hotels, restaurants, and travel agencies. US dollars can be easily exchanged at banks and licensed money changers upon arrival.

Note that for coins, there is a legal tender limit: recipients may refuse payments made with more than 25 pieces of coins of any denomination. Prices are rounded to the nearest 5 sen at checkout, as the 1 sen coin is no longer actively used

Whether you arrive at KLIA (main terminal for full-service airlines) or KLIA2 (terminal for low-cost carriers), there are several ways to reach Kuala Lumpur city centre, varying in cost, speed, and convenience.

Airport Buses (Cheapest Option)

• SkyBus operates direct shuttle services from both KLIA and KLIA2 to KL Sentral, the main transportation hub in Kuala Lumpur.
• Fare: RM12.00 one-way.
• Journey Time: About 1 hour 15 minutes.
• How to Use: Purchase tickets at the airport bus counters or online, and board at the designated bus bay.
• Other Options: Aerobus and Star Shuttle also run similar services, with fares typically ranging from RM12–17.

KLIA Ekspres & KLIA Transit (Fastest Option)

• KLIA Ekspres: Non-stop train service from KLIA or KLIA2 to KL Sentral, the main transportation hub in Kuala Lumpur.
  • Duration: 28 minutes from KLIA, 33 minutes from KLIA2.
  • Fare: Starts from RM49.00 one-way for adults.
  • Frequency: Every 15–20 minutes.
• KLIA Transit: Similar route, but stops at three intermediate stations (Bandar Tasik Selatan, Putrajaya & Cyberjaya, Salak Tinggi).
  • Duration: 35 minutes from KLIA, 39 minutes from KLIA2.
  • Fare: Same as KLIA Ekspres.
• How to Use: Buy tickets at the station or online, and follow signs to the train platform.

Taxi and Ride-Sharing Services (Most Convenient)

• Taxis: Available 24/7 at both terminals. Three types: Coupon Taxi (fixed fare), Metered Taxi, Premier Taxi (more spacious/luxurious).
  • Fare: RM90–110 to city centre, depending on type and time of day (50% surcharge between 11:30pm–6:00am).
  • How to Use: Buy a taxi coupon at the official taxi counter inside the terminal, then proceed to the taxi stand. Avoid touts and unlicensed operators.
• GRAB: Main ride-sharing app in Malaysia. Book via the app for a fare similar to or slightly less than regular taxis. You need to go to the designated ride-hailing pick-up points.

Other Options

• Private Transfers: Pre-booked car services offer door-to-door convenience, with fares starting from RM100–250 depending on vehicle type.
• Driving: Car rentals are available but not recommended for first-time visitors due to traffic and unfamiliarity.

When you first arrive in the country, you will need temporary accommodation until you have settled in. Hotels are available outside the University to suit various needs and budgets. You can browse the following website for more information: www.ibilik.my, www.booking.com, www.agoda.com, www.expedia.com or www.airbnb.com.

Accommodation outside the campus is variable in quality, distance and cost. Rents vary between RM 700 and RM 1,500 per month for a two or three-bedroom property. In addition to rent, which is normally paid monthly in advance, a deposit (equal to three months’ rent) will be required; water and electricity will be charged separately. You may need to provide your own bed linen and cooking utensils.

University Accommodation

The administration officer at the Institute of Postgraduate Studies (IPS) will be able to assist with your accommodation needs. It will be advantageous to do so early as you will be competing with other students for limited places. Eleven residential colleges are located within the university (within walking distance of the faculties) and two are outside the university. These colleges are equipped with a cafeteria, photocopy shop, laundry, sports facilities, meeting and project rooms, study rooms, and computer and printing facilities.

To apply, you should include supporting letters from the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine.

International House

The University of Malaya International House is one of the off-campus accommodation options available to students, especially international students.

Facilities include:

1. Fully furnished (beds, cupboards, sofa, dining table & chairs, study tables)
2. Fully air-conditioned (4 units)
3. Bedrooms + 1 bathroom (with water heater)
4. Kitchen (with gas hob and smoke extractor)
5. Refrigerator
6. Washing machine and dryer
7. Shoe rack
8. ASTRO point (subscription needed)
9. Telephone/ Internet line (subscription needed)

Location and Accessibility

1. Strategically located from the university, commercial and shopping areas
2. University shuttle service & public transportation route
3. Wet market, farmers’ market (every Thursday morning) and night market (Every Tuesday)
4. Various types of food available near the complex
5. Mosque

If you are married and considering bringing your family with you while studying in Malaysia, there are several crucial factors to weigh before making a decision:

Financial Preparedness

Assess Your Grant or Stipend

Carefully evaluate whether your scholarship, grant, or personal funds are sufficient to cover not only your own expenses but also those of your spouse and children. Many students have faced significant financial hardship by attempting to support a family on a single-person allowance.

Additional Expenses

Remember to budget for extra costs such as:

• Larger accommodation
• Increased food and utility bills
• Clothing and personal items for your family
• Schooling or childcare for children
• Family healthcare and insurance
• Transportation and entertainment

Accommodation

University Housing

The university offers a limited number of family-friendly accommodations, such as the International House, located about 3 km from the main campus. These units are in high demand and may not always be available.

Private Rentals

Do not assume that finding suitable private housing will be quick or easy, especially near campus. Rental costs for family-sized units are significantly higher than for single accommodations.

Recommendation

It is strongly advised not to bring your family with you immediately. Secure suitable accommodation first and confirm its availability before making any travel arrangements for your dependants.

Medical Services

University Health Coverage

The university provides limited free medical services, and these are typically available only to registered students—not to spouses or children.

Family Healthcare

You will need to arrange private health insurance or be prepared to pay for medical care for your family. Research local clinics, hospitals, and insurance options in advance.

Schooling and Childcare

• If you have school-age children, research local international or public schools, admission requirements, and associated fees.
• Childcare options may be limited and costly, especially for infants and toddlers.

Legal and Visa Requirements

• Dependent Passes: Your spouse and children will require dependant passes to reside legally in Malaysia. The application process can be time-consuming and requires proof of sufficient funds and suitable accommodation.
• Documentation: Prepare all necessary documents (marriage certificate, children’s birth certificates, etc.) and have them translated into English or Malay if necessary.

As a registered student at the University of Malaya, you are covered by the medical services provided at the Student Health Clinic, located on campus at the Bangunan Siswarama, Faculty of Arts and Social Science. The clinic offers a range of services including consultations, examinations, treatment, electrocardiogram (ECG) exams, and X-ray facilities.

For non-emergency medical needs, students should consult the Student Health Clinic as their first point of contact. The clinic operates Monday to Friday (8:00 am – 10:00 pm) and Saturday to Sunday (8:00 am – 1:00 pm), and is closed on public holidays. Note that patient registration hours may close earlier depending on the number of medical officers on duty.

If you require specialised care or hospital admission, the Universiti Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) is available for further treatment. To access services at UMMC, it is advisable to obtain a referral letter from the Student Health Clinic, which also issues Guarantee Letters for students admitted to government hospitals or UMMC. These letters are necessary for hospital authorities to process your treatment under the student health scheme.

Apart from university-provided services, you may also seek medical care at private hospitals, private clinics, government hospitals, and government clinics in Kuala Lumpur. These external services are available for a fee, and charges will vary based on the type and location of the service. For specialised procedures at UMMC, such as radiological exams, a referral letter from a university physician or consultant is required, and fees are higher for non-citizens.

The electrical supply is 220-240 volts AC at 50 cycles per second, which is standard throughout the country.

What You Should Know

Check Compatibility

Before bringing electrical appliances from home, ensure they support 220–240V, 50Hz. Appliances designed for lower voltages (e.g., 110V) will need a voltage converter.

Plug Adapters

If your devices use a different plug type, bring a suitable plug adapter or purchase one upon arrival in Malaysia.

Fused Plugs

All plugs in Malaysia should be fitted with a fuse of the correct rating (typically 3A, 5A, or 13A). This is important for safety and to prevent electrical hazards.

Universal Adapters

Universal travel adapters are widely available at airports, supermarkets, and electronics stores.

In Kuala Lumpur city and its surrounding, also known as the Klang Valley, there is taxis, ride-hailing, buses and rail transport system. The KL rail system consists of the Mass Rail Transit (MRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT), KTM Kommuter and the KL-Monorail. Currently, MyRapid has been assigned by the government to provide an integrated public transport system in the Klang Valley incorporating rail and bus services. You can purchase the MyRapid Travel Card for convenient transportation within KL. You can also plan your journey using the MyRapid Plan My Journey website.

Travelling by LRT

There is a regular bus service which connects the University campus with the rest of the city throughout the day, but note that bus services may be less frequent during the evenings, on Sundays and public holidays. The RapidKL bus No. T789 connects the University with the KL Gateway Universiti LRT Station (Kelana Jaya Line). The Kelana Jaya Line will connect you to KL Sentral station where there is connections for KTM Kommuter, KL Monorail and the KTM inter-city rail service and the Masjid Jamek LRT Station where you’ll be able to transfer to the other LRT line (Ampang & Sri Petaling Line).

The shorter walk to the Department is by taking the RapidKL bus No. T790 from the KL Gateway Universiti LRT Station (Kelana Jaya Line). You will need to stop at the MASHA University bus station and follow the walking path (red-line) to the Department. https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/1/embed?mid=11TqsMX-tGehMj_-zaAWMm5woUm4pEzET

Travelling by MRT

If you decide to travel by the Sungai Buluh-Kajang MRT line, stop at the Phelio Damansara Station, take the T815 feeder bus and stop at the MASHA University bus station. You need only to follow the walking path (red line) to the Department. https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/1/embed?mid=1OkaooJrkKp52RKeWbo_Qdd6az0VB5nN9

Travelling by Taxis or Ride-hailing services

You may also travel to the Department by taking either taxis or ride-hailing services. There are many ride-hailing services in Malaysia, the main one is Grab. When travelling by taxi or ride-hailing service, you should stop at the main entrance of the Faculty of Medicine.

Beyond KL

Malaysia Airlines is the flagship carrier of the country and it provides extensive domestic and international networks. While in Malaysia, you may opt for AirAsia the no-frills airline, which also flies to some regional destinations. The cheaper through a much slower way to see the country is to use Malaysian Railways (KTM). This would also be better, as you will be able to enjoy the countryside scenery along the way.

Driving License Requirements

• Foreigners can legally drive in Malaysia with a valid International Driving Permit (IDP) or a foreign driving license, provided the license is in English. If your license is not in English, you must carry a certified translation.
• Visitors from ASEAN countries may use their national licenses for short stays without needing an IDP.
• For long-term residents (students, expatriates), you may need to convert your foreign license to a Malaysian driving license, depending on your country of origin and the duration of your stay.

Key Traffic Rules

Drive on the Left

In Malaysia, vehicles drive on the left side of the road and overtake on the right.

Seat Belts

It is compulsory for both front and rear seat passengers to wear seat belts in private vehicles.

Motorcyclists

All motorcyclists and pillion riders must wear approved crash helmets.

Child Restraints

The use of child restraint systems (CRS) in private vehicles is mandatory and must comply with UN Regulation standards.

Speed Limits

• Urban areas: 50–80 km/h
• Rural roads: 70–110 km/h

Overtaking

Always overtake on the right. Overtaking on the left is an offence and can result in fines or imprisonment.

No Obstructing

Do not leave your vehicle in a way that obstructs traffic; penalties include heavy fines and possible jail time.

No Queue Cutting

Cutting queues at junctions or in traffic is an offence and may result in a fine.

Drinking and Driving

• Malaysia enforces strict laws against drunk driving. The legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit is below 0.05%.
• Penalties for exceeding the BAC limit include heavy fines, imprisonment, suspension or cancellation of your license, and possible disqualification from driving.
• Refusing a breathalyser test is also an offence.
• It is safest not to consume any alcohol if you plan to drive.

Other Important Points

Always carry your valid driving license, IDP (if required), and passport.An International Driving Licence will be required for foreigners to drive in Malaysia. You will need to read the Malaysian Highway Code and remember that in Malaysia we drive on the left and overtake on the right. It is compulsory for front and rear seat passengers to wear seat belts, and for motorcyclists to wear crash helmets. There are also strict laws about drinking and driving, so if you intend to drive it is best not to drink any alcoholic drinks for several hours before driving. Please obey the traffic laws and speed limits while driving as penalties include heavy fines and even jail sentences.

Always read and familiarise yourself with the Malaysian Highway Code before driving.

Obey all posted speed limits and traffic signs.

Penalties for traffic violations can include fines, imprisonment, or both, depending on the severity of the offence.

Food is truly at the heart of Malaysian life, shaping daily routines and social interactions. Instead of the usual “How are you?”, Malaysians often greet each other with “Have you eaten?”, reflecting the nation’s deep-rooted food culture. The country’s culinary landscape is a vibrant tapestry of Malay, Chinese, Indian, and international influences, offering something for every palate and budget.

Where and What to Eat

Malaysians enjoy meals everywhere—from roadside hawker stalls and informal cafés to Western-style fast food outlets and upscale restaurants. Delivery services, including pizza, are widely available, making food accessible at all hours. The average meal typically costs between RM10 and RM50, making dining out affordable for most.

Halal Food and Dining

With a Muslim-majority population, halal food is easy to find. Most eateries, especially Mamak stalls and many restaurants, are halal-certified, but it’s always wise to check for certification if you have dietary concerns. Kuala Lumpur and other cities feature a range of halal options, from street food to fine dining.

Must-Try Malaysian Dishes

• Nasi Lemak: Considered the national dish, it features coconut milk rice, spicy sambal, fried anchovies, peanuts, boiled egg, and cucumber. Often served with fried chicken or rendang.
• Roti Canai: A crispy, fluffy flatbread served with curry, popular for breakfast or as a snack.
• Satay: Skewered and grilled meat (usually chicken or beef) served with peanut sauce and rice cakes.
• Char Kway Teow: Wok-fried flat noodles with seafood and bean sprouts, known for its smoky flavour.
• Nasi Kandar: Steamed rice with a variety of curries and side dishes, originating from Penang.
• Mee Goreng Mamak: Spicy fried noodles with vegetables, eggs, and your choice of protein.
• Asam Laksa: A tangy, spicy noodle soup with a tamarind and fish broth, especially famous in Penang.
• Ayam Percik: Grilled chicken marinated in spices and coconut milk.
• Nasi Kerabu: Blue rice coloured with butterfly pea flower, served with herbs, fried fish or chicken, and salted egg.
• Ramly Burger: Malaysia’s unique street burger, famous for its juicy patties and sauces.
• Kuih Muih: Colourful bite-sized desserts, both sweet and savoury, often enjoyed at breakfast or tea time.

Food Diversity and Culture

Malaysia’s food scene is as diverse as its people. Whether you crave Malay, Chinese, Indian, Western, Middle Eastern, or even Vietnamese and Italian cuisine, you’ll find it within easy reach. Malaysians are passionate about food and can readily point you to the best local stalls for their favourite dishes—be it chicken rice, char kuey teow, roti canai, nasi lemak, or asam laksa.

Eating Out: Practical Tips

• Halal Certification: Look for halal signs or certificates, especially if you require Islamic dietary compliance.
• Meal Costs: Expect to pay RM10–RM50 for a typical meal at most eateries.
• Dining Options: Choose from roadside stalls, food courts, casual cafés, fast food outlets, and five-star restaurants—variety is everywhere.
• Food Delivery: Pizza and other foods can be delivered to your door, adding convenience to your dining options.

Food Delivery

Malaysia’s food delivery scene is vibrant and highly competitive, offering various platforms to suit every taste, dietary preference, and budget. Whether you’re craving local hawker fare, international cuisine, or healthy meal options, these apps and services make it easy to enjoy your favourite dishes delivered right to your door anywhere in Kuala Lumpur and beyond.

List of Food Delivery Services

• GrabFood
• Foodpanda
• ShopeeFood
• Airasia Food
• DeliverEat
• Pop Meals
• Beep
• Mammam Food Delivery

Although Bahasa Melayu is the official language of Malaysia, English is widely spoken and understood by most Malaysians. In addition to Malay and English, the other main languages spoken in Malaysia are Mandarin and Tamil. Mandarin is widely used within the Malaysian Chinese community, while Tamil is the principal language among Malaysian Indians.

Malaysia is highly multilingual, with a total of 137 living languages spoken across the country, including various Chinese dialects (such as Cantonese, Hokkien, and Hakka), Indian languages (like Telugu and Punjabi), and numerous indigenous languages in Sabah and Sarawak (such as Iban, Dusunic, and Kadazan). This linguistic diversity reflects the country’s multicultural society.

Public Telephones

Public payphones, once common at airports, seaports, railway and bus stations, post offices, and city streets, are now rare in urban areas due to the widespread use of mobile phones. While some payphones remain—especially in rural areas where mobile coverage may still be limited—many are often out of service or poorly maintained. If you find a working payphone, instructions for use are provided inside the kiosk. These phones may accept coins or phone cards, but credit card acceptance is now uncommon. Phone cards, which are still relevant, can be purchased at select convenience stores.

Making Calls

International Direct Dialling (IDD)

IDD is available throughout Malaysia. To make an international call from Malaysia, dial the exit code ‘00’, followed by the country code, area code, and the recipient’s number.

Example: To call Singapore, dial 00 65 [local number].

Country Code

Malaysia’s country code is +60. For calls into Malaysia, dial your country’s international access code, then 60, followed by the area code (e.g., 3 for Kuala Lumpur/Petaling Jaya) and the local number.

Directory Assistance

Dial ‘103’ from a Telekom Malaysia landline for operator or directory assistance.

Call Charges

Charges vary by distance, duration, and time of day. Off-peak and weekend rates are generally cheaper.

Mobile Phone Services

Mobile phone coverage is extensive, with reliable 4G and rapidly expanding 5G networks in all cities, towns, and along major highways. The leading mobile providers in 2025 are:

• CelcomDigi: Now merged, offering a wide range of prepaid and postpaid plans, including affordable 5G options.
• Maxis/Hotlink: Known for strong coverage and high-speed data plans.
• U Mobile: Rapidly expanding 5G coverage, especially in partnership with Huawei and ZTE, aiming for 80–90% population coverage by 202614.
• Yes: Focused on affordable 5G plans and student-friendly packages.
• Unifi Mobile, Tune Talk, and others: Offer niche and budget-friendly alternatives.

SIM cards (prepaid and postpaid) are available at airport counters (including KLIA and KLIA2), convenience stores, and official provider outlets. Foreigners must register with their passport when purchasing a SIM card; registration is usually completed at the point of sale.

Making International Calls

International calls can be made from any mobile phone with sufficient credit. Many providers offer special international calling packages or rates. Long-distance calls are typically cheaper during off-peak hours and weekends, but the most cost-effective way to call overseas is via internet-based services.

Internet and VOIP Calling

For local and international communication, Internet telephony (VOIP) is widely used. Popular apps include WhatsApp, Skype, FaceTime, and Facebook Messenger, offering free or low-cost calls over Wi-Fi or mobile data.

5G and Future Connectivity

Malaysia is rapidly rolling out 5G networks, with CelcomDigi, Maxis, U Mobile, and Yes all offering 5G plans. U Mobile, in particular, is deploying the country’s second 5G network, aiming for near-universal coverage by mid-2026. 5G services are prioritised in urban centres, transportation hubs, and university campuses.

Traditional Bank Branches

Monday to Friday: 9:30 am – 4:00 pm (some banks may open as early as 9:00 am or close as late as 4:45 pm, depending on the bank)15.

Weekends & Public Holidays: Generally closed, but select branches (especially in shopping malls or city centres) may open on Saturdays or Sundays with limited hours—typically 10:00 am – 2:30 pm (check with your specific branch for details)3.

On-Campus Banking

Universiti Malaya provides convenient banking services for students, staff, and visitors through two main banks located on campus:

Maybank

• Location: UM Sentral, Dataran UM Sentral, Lingkungan Budi
• Operating Hours: Monday–Friday, 9:00 am – 4:30 pm
• Closed on Saturdays, Sundays, and Public Holidays
• Tel: +603-7954 0520

Bank Islam Malaysia

• Location: Ground Floor, High Impact Research (HIR) Building, near Dewan Tunku Canselor
• Operating Hours:
  • Monday–Thursday: 9:30 am – 4:30 pm
  • Friday: 9:30 am – 12:30 pm, 2:30 pm – 4:30 pm
  • Closed on Saturdays, Sundays, and Public Holidays
• Tel: +603-7960 8934 / 7429 / 6235

ATM Facilities

ATMs are available at several strategic locations across the UM campus, including:

• Perdanasiswa Complex lobby
• HE & SHE Coffee (next to UM Central Bus Stop)
• Ground Floor, Bangunan Siswarama (Faculty of Arts and Social Science)
• Block A, 12th Residential College

These ATMs allow for 24/7 cash withdrawals and other basic banking transactions.

Digital and Online Banking

• Malaysia’s banking sector has rapidly embraced digital transformation. In addition to traditional banks, fully digital banks such as GXBank, Boost Bank, AEON Bank, KAF Digital Bank, and Ryt Bank now offer comprehensive banking services entirely online.
• Most major banks provide robust internet and mobile banking platforms, enabling you to perform transactions, pay bills, transfer funds, and manage accounts 24/7.
• Always ensure you access online banking via secure (HTTPS) websites or official mobile apps. Never log in through links sent by email or SMS.

ATMs and Self-Service

• ATMs are widely available in bank branches, shopping centres, and on campus, offering cash withdrawal, balance inquiry, and other basic services around the clock.

Security Tips

• Only use secure, encrypted connections for online banking.
• Never access your bank account using links from emails or untrusted sources.
• Regularly monitor your account activity for any unauthorised transactions.

Post offices are open from 8.00 am to 5.00 pm daily except Sundays and public holidays (except Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu and Johor which are closed on Fridays and public holidays). The main post office of Kuala Lumpur is open from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm daily. There is a post office in the campus, situated at the Perdanasiswa building.

Mail is delivered daily, Mondays through Saturdays. Letters overseas may take anywhere from 1 to 2 weeks to arrive, depending on where they go. A postcard sent internationally, with the exception of nearby Asian countries, will cost RM 1.00. Packages sent overseas can be brought to any post office to be weighed and sent.

All phone, electricity, and water bills can be paid at the post office. The post office also offers telegram, telex, and fax services.

You can also use other local or international courier services for sending mail and packages.

UM Post Office Location & Facilities

The Universiti Malaya Post Office is conveniently located in the lobby of Block A, Perdanasiswa Complex, at the heart of the UM campus. This facility serves as a central hub for postal and related services for the university community.

Key Services Available at the UM Post Office:

• General Mail: Standard domestic and international letter mailing.
• Air Mail: For faster international delivery.
• Express Mail (PosEkspres): Next-day delivery for urgent items.
• Registered Mail (PosDaftar): Secure and trackable mail service.
• Expedited Mail (PosLaju): Fast courier service for parcels and documents.
• Bill Payment Services: Payment of utility bills (electricity, water), ASTRO bills, and more.
• Stamps and Postcards: Wide selection for both local and international mail.
• Parcel Handling: Packaging materials and special handling for fragile items.
• Courier Services: Access to both local and international courier options.

Contact Information:

• Pos Malaysia Universiti Malaya, Perdanasiswa Complex, University of Malaya, Jln. Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
• Tel: +603-7956 7308

Malaysia experiences a tropical climate that is consistently hot, humid, and unpredictable throughout the year. Temperatures typically range from 22°C at night to 32°C during the day, with high humidity levels averaging around 80%. There is little seasonal variation, but April through June are generally the hottest months, while December and January are slightly cooler.

Rainfall is frequent and can occur at any time, often as sudden, heavy downpours. For example, in Kuala Lumpur, you can expect about 16 days with rain and over 200 mm of rainfall in May alone. Sunshine averages about 6–7 hours per day, but cloud cover and rain showers can develop quickly, making the weather highly changeable. Winds are generally light, but brief gusts can accompany storms.

Given these conditions, it is advisable to carry an umbrella year-round for both rain and sun protection. While outdoor temperatures are warm, indoor environments such as libraries and lecture theatres at universities are fully air-conditioned and can feel quite cool. Bringing a sweatshirt or light sweater is recommended for comfort indoors.

Key points

• Temperature: 22–32°C year-round, with the hottest months in April–June.
• Humidity: High, typically 78–84%.
• Rainfall: Frequent, sudden showers; 12–16 rainy days per month are common.
• Sunshine: 6–7 hours per day on average.
• Indoor cooling: Libraries and lecture halls are often cold due to air-conditioning—bring a sweater or sweatshirt.
• Umbrella: Essential at all times of year due to unpredictable rain and strong sun.

Malaysia’s climate is uniform, with minimal temperature variation, but daily weather can shift rapidly between sunny, humid, and wet conditions,

Malaysia’s hot and humid climate means lightweight, breathable clothing is ideal for daily wear. Short-sleeve shirts, T-shirts, and loose-fitting trousers or skirts made from fabrics like linen or quick-dry synthetics are recommended, as they help keep you cool and dry faster than cotton in high humidity. Sportswear is also a practical option for comfort in the heat.

For everyday activities, especially in urban areas like Kuala Lumpur, smart casual attire—such as neat jeans, casual shirts, or blouses—is suitable for classes and most social situations. While shorts and sleeveless tops are commonly worn in cities and tourist areas, it’s advisable to dress more modestly in rural areas or when visiting places of worship. In these settings, both men and women should cover their shoulders and knees; women may also be required to cover their hair in mosques, where loose, non-revealing clothing is expected. Many mosques and temples provide robes or scarves for visitors if needed.

For formal occasions, a tie and jacket are appropriate for men, or you may opt for Malaysia’s official formal attire: the batik shirt for men and batik dresses or blouses for women. Batik is considered both elegant and comfortable, with cotton batik suitable for casual wear and silk or more elaborate designs reserved for formal events.

Summary of Clothing Guidelines:

• Daily wear: Lightweight, breathable fabrics; short-sleeve shirts, T-shirts, loose pants or skirts.
• Classes: Smart casual (neat pants, shirts, blouses, dresses).
• Places of worship/rural areas: Cover shoulders and knees; bring a scarf or shawl for mosques.
• Formal occasions: Tie and jacket, or Malaysian batik attire.
• General tip: Always carry a light jacket or sweater for air-conditioned spaces, which can be chilly.

Dressing with respect for local customs—especially in religious or rural settings—ensures a comfortable and positive experience throughout your time in Malaysia.

Malaysia is internationally recognised as a vibrant multi-racial and multicultural nation, often described as “Asia in miniature” due to its remarkable diversity of people, languages, religions, and traditions. The population includes Malays, Chinese, Indians, and various indigenous groups such as the Bidayuh, Orang Ulu, Melanau, Kadazan-Dusun, Bajau, Bugis, Murut, Sikh, and many others. Each community maintains its own cultural identity, customs, and festivals. Yet, there is a strong sense of mutual respect and coexistence, with major religious and cultural celebrations observed as national holidays.

Languages

Bahasa Melayu (Malay) is the official and national language, serving as a unifying medium and the primary language of instruction in public schools. However, Malaysia is truly multilingual: English is widely spoken and understood, especially in urban areas and business settings. Mandarin, Cantonese, Hokkien, Hakka, Tamil, Hindi, and other Chinese and Indian languages are also commonly heard, reflecting the country’s ethnic mosaic. Uniquely, Malaysians often communicate in “Manglish” (Malaysian English), an informal blend of English with Malay, Chinese, and Indian language influences, used in casual conversation.

Religion

Malaysia is constitutionally a Muslim-majority country, with Islam as the official religion. According to the 2020 census, 63.5% of the population is Muslim, 18.7% Buddhist, 9.1% Christian, 6.1% Hindu, and the rest follow Sikhism, traditional indigenous faiths, or other religions. The Chinese community predominantly practices Buddhism, Taoism, and Christianity, while most Indians are Hindu. Indigenous groups in East Malaysia often practice Christianity or traditional beliefs. Religious practices are deeply woven into daily life, and places of worship—mosques, churches, temples—are found throughout the country. Despite religious differences, Malaysia is known for its religious harmony and the peaceful coexistence of its communities, with mutual respect for each other’s practices and festivals.

Social Customs and Etiquette

Malaysians are generally friendly, tolerant, and welcoming to visitors, though they may initially appear reserved. Building close friendships can take time, but people are usually open to casual conversation. Women in Malaysia are independent and active in public life, and it is common to see men and women mixing in social and professional contexts. However, public displays of affection are discouraged, and physical contact between men and women is generally limited in public, especially in rural or conservative areas.

Hospitality:

If invited to a Malaysian home, it is customary (though not obligatory) to bring a small gift such as chocolates, flowers, or souvenirs from your home country. Punctuality is appreciated, especially if a meal is served, and it is polite to inform your host if you are delayed or unable to attend. An RSVP on a written invitation means you are expected to reply

Respect and Manners

• Always use your right hand (or both hands) when giving or receiving items, as the left hand is considered unclean in many cultures.
• Remove shoes before entering a Malaysian home or place of worship.
• Address elders and those in authority with appropriate titles or honorifics.
• Avoid touching the head or pointing with your finger; use your thumb with fingers folded if you must point.
• Dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites or rural areas; covering shoulders and knees is recommended.

Smoking and Vaping

Smoking and vaping are banned in all public buildings, eateries, theatres, and on public transport. Only smoke or vape in designated areas and always check whether it is permitted before lighting up.

Cultural Nuances

Malaysia’s multiculturalism means that each ethnic group retains its own festivals, foods, and traditions, yet there is significant cultural exchange. For example, food is a point of national pride, with Malaysian cuisine reflecting Malay, Chinese, Indian, and indigenous influences, and fusion dishes unique to the country. Major festivals such as Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Chinese New Year, Deepavali, Christmas, and Gawai Dayak are celebrated nationwide, often with open houses where all are welcome.

Time and Social Life

Malaysians tend to have a relaxed attitude toward time—“Malaysian time”—so schedules can be flexible, and patience is valued. While casual conversation is easy to initiate, deeper relationships develop gradually and are based on mutual trust and respect.

In summary

Malaysia’s strength lies in its diversity and the mutual respect among its many communities. Understanding and appreciating the different customs, languages, and religious practices will enrich your experience and help you connect meaningfully with Malaysians from all walks of life.

Living outside your home country inevitably brings culture shock—a period of adjustment that can include everything from learning new foods and customs to adapting to daily routines like using public transport or even the telephone. In Malaysia, this adjustment is shaped by a multicultural society, unique social norms, and a climate and lifestyle that may differ significantly from what you’re used to. While culture shock is a normal and unavoidable part of the international student experience, there are effective ways to ease the transition and thrive in your new environment.

Understanding Culture Shock

Culture shock is the sense of disorientation and anxiety that arises when you lose familiar social cues, such as gestures, facial expressions, customs, and language. For international students in Malaysia, common sources of culture shock include:

• Language barriers (even though English is widely spoken, local languages and dialects are common)
• Food and dietary differences
• Weather and climate
• New academic expectations
• Integration with local people and customs34

The process typically unfolds in stages: initial excitement, followed by frustration or homesickness, gradual adjustment, and finally, acceptance and belonging.

Common Challenges and Practical Tips

Embrace Cultural Differences

Malaysia’s diversity means you’ll encounter a rich tapestry of customs, festivals, and social norms. Take time to learn about local practices—such as removing shoes before entering homes, dressing modestly in religious or formal settings, and being mindful of noise levels in public. Embracing these differences with an open mind will help you integrate and feel more at home.

Learn the Local Language

While English is commonly used in academic and urban settings, picking up basic Malay (Bahasa Melayu) phrases will enrich your daily interactions and show respect for local culture. Consider language classes or language exchange programs to accelerate your learning.

Build Social Connections

Making friends with both locals and other international students is key. Join university clubs, societies, and cultural events to expand your network and find support. Don’t hesitate to reach out to university counsellors or international student offices if you feel overwhelmed.

Maintain Connections with Home

Stay in touch with family and friends through video calls and social media. Bringing familiar routines, foods, or hobbies from home can provide comfort and continuity during your adjustment.

Establish a New Routine

Creating a daily routine helps restore a sense of normalcy and identity. Include regular exercise, healthy eating, and activities you enjoy. Exploring new places and trying new activities in Malaysia can also help you feel more settled.

Take Care of Your Mental Health

Homesickness, loneliness, and frustration are normal. Acknowledge these feelings rather than dismissing them. Seek support from peers, student counsellors, or mental health services on campus if needed.

Respect Local Customs and Etiquette

• Remove shoes before entering homes.
• Dress modestly in religious or rural areas.
• Be punctual for appointments and social gatherings.
• Use your right hand for giving and receiving items.
• Avoid public displays of affection and be mindful of personal space.

Try Local Food—But Take Your Time

Malaysian cuisine is diverse and may be different from what you’re used to. Experiment gradually, and don’t hesitate to cook at home if you need familiar flavours.

Final Thoughts

Culture shock is a natural part of the international experience, and every student experiences it differently. By staying open-minded, proactive, and connected, you’ll not only overcome the initial discomfort but also gain new perspectives, lifelong friendships, and a deeper understanding of yourself and the world around you.

Remember: You are not alone—every international student goes through this journey, and support is always available.

Malaysia’s common law system, rooted in English legal tradition, guarantees due process and the protection of the law to all persons within its jurisdiction, including foreign visitors and expatriates. This means that, with a few exceptions (notably in areas such as immigration, voting, and citizenship), foreigners are subject to the same laws and entitled to the same civil rights and legal protections as Malaysian citizens.

Equal Protection and Due Process

Legal Rights

All persons in Malaysia, regardless of nationality, are entitled to due process and equal protection under the law. This includes the right to a fair trial, access to legal counsel, and the right to appeal decisions in accordance with Malaysian statutes and common law principles.

Civil Rights

Foreigners enjoy the same civil rights as citizens, including the right to own property, enter into contracts, and access the courts for civil and commercial matters. However, certain rights—such as voting and standing for public office—are reserved for citizens only.

Freedom of Expression

Foreigners have the constitutional right to express their views and to publish or propagate ideas, provided these do not violate Malaysian law or incite others to break the law. Expression must be peaceful, orderly, and respectful of the rights and sensitivities of others. Speech or actions that are deemed seditious, defamatory, or disruptive to public order, especially concerning the sensitive topics known locally as the “3R” issues: Race, Religion, and Royalty, may be subject to legal action.

Legal Obligations and Limitations

Subject to Local Laws

All visitors and foreign residents are fully subject to Malaysian law, including criminal, civil, and administrative statutes. This includes laws on public order, morality, and national security. Foreigners must also comply with immigration laws, which are strictly enforced and carry significant penalties for violations such as overstaying visas or working without proper authorisation.

Immigration Law

Immigration offences (e.g., overstaying, illegal entry, unauthorised employment) are treated seriously. Penalties can include fines, imprisonment, and, in some cases, corporal punishment (caning).

Shariah Law

Muslims (including foreign Muslims) are also subject to Islamic law in matters of personal status, family law, and certain moral offences, as administered by the Shariah Courts.